Regional Geology

Earthquake preparedness is important refers to help individuals, businesses, and local and state governments in earthquake prone areas to prepare for substantial earthquakes.
During earthquake you should
- If you’re driving you should stop car / motorcycle but carefully. Relocation your car as way-out of traffic stop on or under a bridge ,light posts,overpass, under trees or power lines. Stop inside your car until the shaking off.
- If you’re in a hilly watch out for hanging rock, landslides, trees, and other debris that could be loosened by quakes.
- If you’re indoors stay at that place! (Get under a desk or table and hang on to it, or move into a hallway or get against an inside wall. stay of windows, fireplaces, and heavy furniture or appliances. get out of the kitchen, which is a dangerous place (things can fall on you).don’t run downstairs or rush outside while the bldg is shaking or while in that location is danger of falling and hurting yourself or being hit by falling glass or debris.
If you’re outside come in the open, away from bldgs, power lines, chimneys, and anything additional that may fall on you.

After earthquake should
- Wear sturdy shoes to avoid injury from broken glass and debris.
- Check for injuries
- Check for hazard

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. They generate seismic waves which can be recorded on a sensitive instrument called a seismograph.Seismograph often used to mean seismometer. The record of ground shaking recorded by the seismograph is called a seismogram. Seismometers are tool or instruments that amount and record movements from the earth, including those of seismic waves generated by quakes, atomic explosion, and other seismic sources.

Now high-technology, digital seismographs record ground / earth shaking over a big band of frequences and seismic amplitudes. Nowadays seismometers are called broadband because capable to sense ground motion across a wide range of frequencies, from thousands of seconds to less than a hundredth of a second.

Earthquake insurance is a prope insurance that earningses the policyholder in the case of an earthquake that showcases damage to the property.
Before you buying earthquake insurance, please use this tips
1.  The better ways to protect your investment funds in your house is to retrofit and buy quake insurance If you domiciliate in a quake-prone region.
2.  Key factors to decision whether or not to buy EQ insurancere are:
a) the financial of the companies that will trade it to you,
b) the features and pricing by their insurances,
c) the number of equity you’ve in your home,
d) your proximity to a geological fault zone, and;
e) the mature and style of structure of your home and foundation.
3. If you decide to buy EQ insurance, shop for limits that are adequate to fully replace your property, engineering costs, required improvements to comply with building codes, temporary living expenses, outbuildings, etc.
4. Insurance policy with 10% as opposed to the measure 15% deductible are now available but of course they’re more expensive. The cost and richly deductibles for EQ policies has led more people to avoid buying the product.
5. Don’t accept that Federal Emergency Management Agency, the SBA and/or private charities will bail you out with funds to rebuild after a major disaster.

Microtremor basically a micro vibration of ambient ground motion, known as the earth noise, seismic noise or microseimic sourced from human activities (such as transport activities and industrial activities) and the natural vibration (such as wind and sea waves). Microtremor generally has an amplitude ranging from 1 to 10 micrometers.
Based on its period range, mikrotemor generally classified into two main sections namely;
1. Microtremor short period of analysis period microtemor with less than 1 second, related to the exploration of shallow subsurface structure (less than 100 meters from the surface).
2. Microtremor long period of analysis period microtremor with more than 1 second, related to the exploration of subsurface structure is more in the moment S wave velocity reaches 3500 m / s.

Currently Microtremor applications often used to estimate direct vibrational characteristics of the ground, one with a comparative analysis of the horizontal-vertical spectrum of recording microtremor (Nakamura, 1989) while another application is applied to exploration of subsurface structure determination of the depth and thickness of basement rocks Stratigraphy. In the case of subsurface exploration, in comparison with other geophysical methods microtermor has several advantages, among others; do not need artificial sources, exploration costs are relatively inexpensive, easy data acquisition and friendly to the environment. Because of its environmentally friendly and can use as a source of human activity, it is suitable microtremor in urban areas are densely populated and has any critical infrastructure and buildings.
Until now we have developed several methods to analyze the results of which are microtremor;
1. Analysis of spatial autocorrelation(Aki, 1957)
2. Analysis of the frequency spectrum and wave numbers (Capon, 1969)
3. Comparative analysis of the spectrum horizontal-vertical (H / V) (Nakamura, 1989)
In general, autocorrelation spatial analysis methods and analysis frequency spectrum and wave numbers are used to estimate the subsurface structure of the basement depth determination of layer thickness Stratigraphy and rock, while the comparative analysis horizontal-vertical spectrum is used to estimate ground vibrational characteristics.

An earthquake is the vibration of earth, produced by a rapid release of energy. This energy radiates in all directions from its source, the focus, in the form of waves. The focus of an earthquake is located at depth. The surface location directly above it is called the epicenter.

The tremendous energy released by atomic explosions or by volcanic eruptions can produce an earthquake, but these events are comparatively weak and infrequent. Ample evidence exists that Earth is not a static planet. Scientists have found places where forces have elevated sections of crust and evidence of extensive subsidence.These vertical displacement, offsets in fence lines, roads, and other structures indicate that horizontal movement  associated with large fractures in the earth called faults.

The motion along faults can be explained by plate tectonics theory.Mobile plates interact with neighboring plates, stratining and deforming the rocks at their edges. It is alog faults associated with plate boundaries that most earthquakes occur.