An estuary is the wide mouth of river or arm of the sea where the tide meets the river currents or flows and ebbs (from Emery and Stevenson, 1957)
Estuaries have areas of quiet water, were sedimentation of stream constributed material takes place. When these deposits fill up the estuary and become intertidal in position, their top surface is called a tidal flat. If covered with vegetation, it is termed a salt marsh and if not, a sand or mud flat. The tropical equivalent is a mangrove swamp.
Estuaries are hyposaline in character and can be subdivided in upper part, subject to the greatest freshwater influence and a lower part connected with the sea. This difference in salinity is reflected in the faunas of both parts:
Upper estuary : Miliammina sp, Ammobaculites sp.
Lower estuary : Miliammina sp., Ammobaculites sp., Ammonia beccarii, Elphidium spp.
Foraminifera in the Estuaries
life history and ecology of foraminifera
Foraminifera: Life History and only in brackish estuaries or salt marshes along the shore, and most live at certain depths and water temperatures in between. Foraminifera are
From: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/foram/foramlh.html
foraminifera in coastal studies
Foraminifera distribution in the Severn Estuary (UK) 1 Haslett et al. (1998) report the results of a modern foraminifera distribution survey across salt marshes in the Severn
From: http://www.slideshare.net/NewportCELT/foraminifera-in-coastal-studies-slideshare-version
foram facts or an introduction to foraminifera
Foraminifera are found in all marine environments, from the reefs, and still other species live only in brackish estuaries or intertidal salt marshes. Foraminifera are
From: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/Wetmore.html
csiro publishing marine amp; freshwater research
Distribution of foraminifera in a macrotidal tropical estuary: Port Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia MG Michie Abstract. The foraminifera are distributed throughout Port
From: http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=MF9870249.pdf
fossil groups benthic foraminifers
Benthic foraminifera occupy a wide range of marine environments, from brackish estuaries to the deep ocean basins, and occur at all latitudes.
From: http://geology.er.usgs.gov/paleo/forams_b.shtml
foraminiferasalinity relationship in the pennar estuary india
The Journal of Foraminiferal Research; April 1984; v. 14; no. 2; p. 115-119; DOI: 10.2113/gsjfr.14.2.115
From: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/2/115
collecting foraminifera
The Collection and Mounting of Foraminifera. Images by Jan Parmentier (NL) In tidal lagoons like at Het Zwin, and broad estuaries like the WesterSchelde, fossil
From: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artnov98/bdforam3.html
foraminifera
Foraminifera and sedimentation patterns in St. Lucia estuary mouth, Zululand, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 93 (4): 592-601.
From: http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/eukaryotes/rhizaria/foraminifera/index.htm
british society for protist biology
Posters from the Spring Meeting, University of Birmingham 17-19 April 2000 Benthic Foraminifera from the Eden Estuary, N. E. Scotland. Heather A. Austin University of St Andrews
From: http://www.protist.org.uk/abstracts/posters2k.html
modern foraminifera swan river estuary western australia
The Journal of Foraminiferal Research; October 2006; v. 36; no. 4; p. 291-314; DOI: 10.2113/gsjfr.36.4.291 © 2006 Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
From: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/291