An estuary is the wide mouth of river or arm of the sea where the tide meets the river currents or flows and ebbs (from Emery and Stevenson, 1957)
Estuaries have areas of quiet water, were sedimentation of stream constributed material takes place. When these deposits fill up the estuary and become intertidal in position, their top surface is called a tidal flat. If covered with vegetation, it is termed a salt marsh and if not, a sand or mud flat. The tropical equivalent is a mangrove swamp.
Estuaries are hyposaline in character and can be subdivided in upper part, subject to the greatest freshwater influence and a lower part connected with the sea. This difference in salinity is reflected in the faunas of both parts:
Upper estuary : Miliammina sp, Ammobaculites sp.
Lower estuary : Miliammina sp., Ammobaculites sp., Ammonia beccarii, Elphidium spp.
Foraminifera in the Estuaries
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From: http://micropal.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/185
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From: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/403/
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Modern foraminifera, Swan River estuary, Western Australia: Distribution and controlling factors
From: http://ecite.utas.edu.au/43380
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Foraminifera: Life History and only in brackish estuaries or salt marshes along the shore, and most live at certain depths and water temperatures in between. Foraminifera are
From: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/foram/foramlh.html
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Living foraminifera are absent from surface sediments in the upper estuary, and are scarce in the middle and lower estuary, due to persistent anoxia in the estuarine channel, and
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The Journal of Foraminiferal Research; October 2006; v. 36; no. 4; p. 291-314; DOI: 10.2113/gsjfr.36.4.291 © 2006 Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
From: http://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/291
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Holocene benthic foraminifera from Bahía Blanca estuary: a review and update of systematic and palaeoenvironmental aspects Gabriela C. Cusminsky
From: http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/8/1221?rss=1
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The foraminifera of the Exe Estuary. Worth, R.H. (1902) The foraminifera of the Exe Estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 6 (3). pp. 336-343.
From: http://sabella.mba.ac.uk/217/