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Foraminifera in the Marshes and mangrove swamps

Marshes and mangrove swamps

Tidal marshes and mangrove swamps represent transitional regions between marine/brackish water and terrestrial environments. Tidl marshes occur in temperate areas, whereas the mangrove swamp is characteristic for tropics

Murray (1972) lists the following characteristics of these environments :

  1. It is developed in the upper part of the intertidal zone
  2. During much of each tidal cycle it is exposed to the atmosphere
  3. It spends a smaller part of the tidal cycle submerged beneath sea or estuarine water
  4. It is subject to the more dramatic fluctuations in temperature of the atmosphere
  5. Fresh water is periodically introduced from rain showers
  6. There is usually high organic productivity by the marsh plants and microflora
  7. The fauna comprises few permanent indigenous species although migratory terrestrial animals are sometimes common

Tidal marshes can be subdivided in three groups according to salinity;

  1. Hyposalina marshes
  2. Normal marine marshes
  3. Hypersaline marshes

Species diversity is highest in hyposaline marshes, although the general diversity is low.

The hyposaline marshes are characterized by the predominance of arenaceous species (Miliammina sp., Ammotium sp., Trochammina inflate) and rotaliids ( Elphidium spp.) and the absence of miliolids

Normal marine marshes are inhabited by dominantly arenaceous species with minor miliolieds and rotaliids.

In hypersaline marshes the percentage of arenaceous species, miliolids and rotaliids is about equal.

Typical cosmopolitan marsh species are:

-          Ammotium salsum

-          Arenoparrella Mexicana

-          Miliammina fusca

-          Taclammina macrescens

Interpreting an ancient marsh environment may be difficult. Due to reducing conditions calcareous test are easily destroyed after death. After complete solution of calcareous species, it is impossible to distinguish between the various marsh environments. Only the low diversity and an assemblage consisting of small arenaceous species such as Trochammina sp.. Haplophragmoides sp., Ammobaculites sp. points to a marsh origin. If Miliammina sp is present in this assemblage, a hyposaline lagoon could also be indicated.

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chapter three geology of the new orleans region
that periodically overflow into shallow swamps and marshes lying in the New Orleans area, inland swamps and mangrove swamps. hurricane storm surge or tsunami. 3.6.3 Foraminifera
From: http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~new_orleans/report/CH_3.pdf

the management of natural coastal carbon sinks
• Each molecule of CO 2 sequestered in soils of *ü dal salt marshes and their tropical equivalents, mangrove swamps, probably has greater value than that stored in any other natural
From: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/carbon-sinks-report_tcm6-15112.pdf

references taxonomy and ecology
Foraminifera: distribution of provinces in the Gulf of Kelsey Marsh (Clinton, CT) and the Great Marshes Recent foraminifera in mangrove swamps and river estuaries and
From: http://www.marine.usf.edu/reefslab/foramcd/html_files/environmental_references.htm

chapter three geology of the new orleans region
Mangrove swamps are found along the distal islands of the Mississippi Delta, such as directly proportional to the thickness of surficial organic deposits (swamps and marshes).
From: http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/levees/Ch%203-GEOLOGY%20OF%20THE%20NEW%20ORLEANS%20REGION_5-26-2006-embedded_figures.pdf

the management of natural coastal carbon sinks
Yang, S.L. and Chen, J. Y. 1995. Coastal salt marshes and mangrove swamps in China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 13:318-324
From: http://mangrovesforthefuture.org/Programmes/iucn-2009-management-natural-coastal-carbon-sinks.pdf

the modern environments of molluscs in southern mesopotamia iraq a
slowly flowing water of the channels draining the marshes sediments too, usually in association with scarce foraminifera. Holocene Optimum, in the same way as the reef and mangrove
From: http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2005_A01/

shoreline protection
The seaward mangrove swamps neither protect the Drag force due to vegetation in mangrove swamps. Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 1 simplifies this comparison using foraminifera
From: http://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/Shoreline_protection.doc

web references
Foraminifera of mangrove swamps. Physis (Buenos Aires), A42: 1-9. Salinity control on the distribution of salt marsh foraminifera (Great Marshes
From: http://www.cambridge.org/resources/0521828392/3606_Web%20appendix%201.doc

tce bibliography
Abuodha, P.A.W. & J.G. Kairo, 2001. Human-induced stresses on mangrove swamps along the Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2: 133-148
From: http://www.vub.ac.be/APNA/research/Mangroves_and_biocomplexity/TCE.html

identification guide mangrove literature
Mangroves and Salt Marshes 3: 135-146. Kneib, R.T., S.Y The ecology of the mangrove swamps at Inhaca Island, Moçambique dissolution of modern shallow water benthic foraminifera
From: http://student.vub.ac.be/~dagillik/mangrove/biblio.htm

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